Pipeline accessories
Pipeline accessories are a variety of devices used on pipelines, units, vessels and designed to control (shutdown, distribution, regulation, discharge, mixing, phase separation) flows of various by changing the area of the passage section. Подробнее
Types of valves and their functional purpose
- Shut off valves - pipeline valves designed to shut off the flow of a working medium. Including:
- Drainage fittings – shut off valves designed to discharge the working medium from tanks (reservoirs), piping systems.
- Control valves - pipe fittings designed to control the flow of the working medium into the control and measuring equipment, devices.
- Regulating valves - pipe fittings designed to control the parameters of the working medium by changing the flow rate. Including:
- Reduction (throttle) valves - pipe valves designed to reduce the operating pressure in the system by increasing the hydraulic resistance in the flow part.
- Shut-off and control valves - pipe fittings that combine the functions of shut-off and control valves.
- Protective (disconnecting, cut-off) fittings - pipe fittings designed to protect equipment and pipelines from emergency changes in environmental parameters by shutting down the serviced line or section. Including:
- Check valves - pipe fittings designed to automatically prevent backflow of the working medium.
- Safety valves - pipe fittings designed to automatically protect equipment and pipelines from unacceptable excess pressure by dumping excess working medium.
- Distribution and mixing fittings - pipe fittings designed to distribute the flow of the working medium in certain directions or to mix flows of medium.
- Phase separation valves - pipeline valves designed to separate working media in different phase states. Including:
- Steam trap - pipe fittings that removes condensate and does not allow or does not allow limited passage of superheated steam.
Materials used for gaskets and seals in a pipe fittings
Material and operating temperature |
The most common environments |
Good resistance |
Poor resistance |
---|---|---|---|
NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber), up to 100 ° C |
• Water |
• Aliphatic hydrocarbons |
• Ozone |
EPDM (ethylene-propylene rubber), up to 125 ° C |
• Water |
• Heat |
• Oils and fuels |
Viton (fluorine rubber), up to 232оС |
• Hot water |
• Hydrocarbons |
• Ketones |
PTFE, fluoroplast (polytetrafluoroethylene) up to 150 ° C |
• Acids |
• Acids |
Types and grades of steel
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon with other elements, the carbon content in it is not more than 2.14%.
The most common characteristic is that steel is distinguished by its chemical composition:
- carbon steel (Fe - iron, C - carbon, Mn - manganese, Si - silicon, S - sulfur, P - phosphorus). By carbon content it is divided into low-carbon, medium-carbon and high-carbon. Carbon steel is designed for statically loaded tools.
- alloy steel - alloying elements are added: nitrogen, boron, aluminum, carbon, phosphorus, cobalt, silicon, vanadium, copper, molybdenum, manganese, titanium, zirconium, chromium, tungsten, nickel, niobium.
Steel grade |
Analogs in US Standards |
||
Russia |
European standards |
||
10 |
C10E |
1.1121 |
1010 |
10XГН1 |
10 ХГН1 |
1.5805 |
- |
14 ХН3 М |
14 NiCrMo1-3-4 |
1.6657 |
9310 |
15 |
C15 Е |
1.1141 |
1015 |
15 Г |
С16 Е |
1.1148 |
1016 |
16 ХГ |
16 МnCr5 |
1.7131 |
5115 |
16XГР |
16Mn CrB5 |
1.7160 |
- |
16 ХГН |
16NiCr4 |
1.5714 |
- |
17 Г1 С |
S235J2G4 |
1.0117 |
- |
17 ХН3 |
15NiCr13 |
1.5752 |
Е3310 |
18 ХГМ |
18CrMo4 |
1.7243 |
4120 |
18 Х2 Н2 М |
18CrNiMo7-6 |
1.6587 |
- |
20 |
C22E |
1.1151 |
1020 |
20 ХМ |
20MoCr3 |
1.7320 |
4118 |
20 ХГНМ |
20MoCr2-2 |
1.6523 |
8617 |
25 |
C25E |
1.1158 |
1025 |
25 ХМ |
25CrMo4 |
1.7218 |
4130 |
28 Г |
28Mn6 |
1.1170 |
1330 |
30 |
C30E |
1.1178 |
1030 |
34 Х |
34Cr4 |
1.7033 |
5130 |
34 Х2 Н2 М |
34CrNiMo6 |
1.6582 |
4340 |
35 |
C35E |
1.1181 |
1035 |
36 ХНМ |
36CrNiMo4 |
1.6511 |
9840 |
36 Х2 Н4 МА |
36NiCrMo16 |
1.6773 |
- |
40 |
C40E |
1.1186 |
1040 |
42 ХМ |
42CrMo4 |
1.7225 |
4140 |
45 |
C45E |
1.1191 |
1045 |
46 Х |
46Cr2 |
1.7006 |
5045 |
50 |
C50E |
1.1206 |
1050 |
50 ХГФ |
50CrV4 |
1.8159 |
6150 |
Stainless steels used in the production of pipe fittings
Russia (ГОСТ) |
USA (AISI) |
Europe (EN) |
Германия (DIN) |
03 Х17 Н13 М2 |
AISI 316 L |
1,4404 |
X2 CrNiMo 17-12-2 |
03 Х17 Н14 М3 |
- |
1,4435 |
X2 CrNiMo 18-4-3 |
03 Х18 Н11 |
AISI 304 L |
1,4306 |
X2 CrNi 19-11 |
03 Х18 Н10 Т-У |
- |
1,4541-MOD |
- |
06 ХН28 МДТ |
- |
1,4503 |
X3 NiCrCuMoTi 27-23 |
06 Х18 Н11 |
AISI 305 L |
1,4303 |
X4 CrNi 18-11 |
08 Х12 Т1 |
AISI 409 |
1,4512 |
X6 CrTi 12 |
08 Х13 |
AISI 410S |
1,4000 |
Х6 Cr 13 |
08 Х17 Н13 М2 |
AISI 316 |
1,4436 |
X5CrNiMo 17-13-3 |
08 Х17 Н13 М2 Т |
AISI 316Ti |
1,4571 |
Х6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-2 |
08 Х17 Т |
AISI 430Ti |
1,4510 |
Х6 СrTi 17 |
08 Х18 Н10 |
AISI 304 |
1,4301 |
X5 CrNi 18-10 |
08 Х18 Н12 Т |
AISI 321 |
1,4541 |
Х6 CrNiTi 18-10 |
10 Х23 Н18 |
AISI 310S |
1,4842 |
X12 CrNi 25-20 |
10X13 |
AISI 410 |
1,4006 |
X10 Cr13 |
12 Х18 Н10 Т |
- |
1,4878 |
X12 CrNiTi 18-9 |
12 Х18 Н9 |
AISI 302 |
- |
- |
15 Х5 М |
AISI 501 |
1,7362 |
Х12 СrMo 5 |
15 Х25 Т |
- |
1,4746 |
Х8 CrTi 25 |
20X13 |
AISI 420 |
1,4021 |
Х20 Cr 13 |
20 Х17 Н2 |
AISI 431 |
1,4057 |
X20 CrNi 17-2 |
20 Х23 Н13 |
AISI 309 |
1,4833 |
X7 CrNi 23-14 |
20 Х23 Н18 |
AISI 310 |
1,4843 |
X16 CrNi 25-20 |
20 Х25 Н20 С2 |
AISI 314 |
1,4841 |
X56 CrNiSi 25-20 |
03 Х18 АН11 |
AISI 304LN |
1,4311 |
X2 CrNiN 18-10 |
03 Х19 Н13 М3 |
AISI 317L |
1,4438 |
X2 18-5-4 |
03 Х23 Н6 |
- |
1,4362 |
X2 CrNiN 23-4 |
02 Х18 М2 БТ |
AISI 444 |
1,4521 |
X2 CrMoTi 18-2 |
02 Х28 Н30 МДБ |
- |
1,4563 |
X1 NiCrMoCu 31-27-4 |
03 Х17 Н13 АМ3 |
AISI 316LN |
1,4429 |
X2 CrNiMoN 17-13-3 |
03 Х22 Н5 АМ2 |
- |
1,4462 |
X2 CrNiMoN 22-5-3 |
03 Х24 Н13 Г2 С |
AISI 309L |
1,4332 |
Х2 CrNi 24-12 |
08 Х16 Н13 М2 Б |
AISI 316 Сd |
1,4580 |
X1 CrNiMoNb 17-12-2 |
08 Х18 Н12 Б |
AISI 347 |
1,4550 |
X6 CrNiNb 18-10 |
08 Х18 Н14 М2 Б |
AISI 318 |
1,4583 |
Х10 CrNiMoNb 18-12 |
08X19AH9 |
AISI 304N |
- |
- |
08X19H13M3 |
AISI 317 |
1,4449 |
X5 CrNiMo 17-13 |
08X20H11 |
AISI 308 |
1,4331 |
X2 CrNi 21-10 |
08X20H20TЮ |
AISI 334 |
1,4847 |
X8 СrNiAlTi 20-20 |
08X25H4M2 |
AISI 329 |
1,4460 |
X3 CrnImOn 27-5-2 |
08X23H13 |
AISI 309S |
- |
- |
09X17H7 Ю |
AISI 631 |
1,4568 |
X7 CrNiAl 17-7 |
1X16H13M2 Б |
AISI 316Cd |
1,4580 |
Х6 CrNiMoNb 17-12-2 |
10X13 СЮ |
AISI 405 |
1,4724 |
Х10 CrAlSi 13 |
12X15 |
AISI 429 |
1,4001 |
X7 Cr 14 |
12X17 |
AISI 430 |
1,4016 |
X6 Cr17 |
12X17M |
AISI 434 |
1,4113 |
X6 CrMo 17-1 |
12X17MБ |
AISI 436 |
1,4522 |
Х2 СrMoNb |
12X18H12 |
AISI 305 |
1,3955 |
GX12 CrNi 18-11 |
12X17 Г9 АН4 |
AISI 202 |
1,4373 |
Х12 CrMnNiN 18-9-5 |
15X9M |
AISI 504 |
1,7386 |
X12 CrMo 9-1 |
15X12 |
AISI 403 |
- |
- |
15X13H2 |
AISI 414 |
- |
- |
15X17H7 |
AISI 301 |
1,4310 |
X12 CrNi 17-7 |